I recently translated Exodus 3, and then ran across an engaging essay by Michael Allen on the topic of God’s name, all of which inspired this post (its also up at
Grace’s website).
Juliet Capulet, Shakespeare's well-known character, famously asked, "What's in a name?"
For centuries, thoughtful bible readers have asked this question in light of God revealing his name in Exodus 3 to Moses at the burning bush.
In this passage God calls Moses to go to Egypt and deliver his people from the cruel tyranny of Pharaoh. Moses asks God the question, “If I come to the people of Israel and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ what shall I say to them?” God famously responds to Moses with the verbal clause, “I AM WHO I AM.”
If you are like some of my friends of the deep American south you might respond to God’s answer with, “Come again now?”
For the name God gives is quite enigmatic. You could translate the Name with the past tense, present tense, and future tense. “I have been whom I have been, I am who I am, I will be whom I will be” all fit the verbs here in the Divine Name. So what is God really revealing here with this Name?
In short, God is revealing a mystery. As the church father Augustine once wrote, God can only be known by comparison with himself. God is wholly other. He is transcendent. He is not on the same plane with his creation in any way. He is altogether his own category. Indeed, classic, orthodox theology has often gone to Exodus 3 to teach the creator-creature distinction. For when God reveals his name, he reveals that he is not quantitatively different than creation, but that he is qualitatively different. This is a humbling truth. The name God gives, following Augustine once again, is really all about God’s limiting human knowledge as it pertains to God. As theology professor Michael Allen has observed about this passage, it shows us that our human limitations of the knowledge of God, “are not naturally apparent, but are revealed to us by God himself.”
So God reveals a name of mystery in Exodus 3:14, but as many commentators have pointed out, in the very next verse, God then reveals a second name of mercy. Verse 15 reads, “God also said to Moses, ‘Say this to the people of Israel, ‘the LORD, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you. This is my name forever, and thus I am to be remembered throughout all generations’” (emphasis mine).
God attaches himself to certain persons and events in Israel’s past as a very tangible way for the Israelites to identify him. After all, if Moses would have simply told the Israelites God’s Divine Name, it probably wouldn’t have done much for them. They needed something tangible to identify their God, and to know what divinity for whom Moses was claiming to speak.
Lutheran theologian Robert Jenson has said this twofold naming in Exodus 3 would help the Israelites to speak in this way about God in the future: “Asked about who God is, Israel’s answer would have been, ‘whoever rescued us from Egypt,’ asked about her access to this God, Israel’s answer would be ‘well, we are permitted to call on him by name.’”
If God’s mysterious name reveals his transcendence, then God’s merciful name surely reveals his immanence. God is wholly other, but God is also wholly near to his people. The God who is, is the God who heard Israel’s groaning in Egypt and rescued them.
And so it is still today, that the all powerful, mysterious, transcendent God is also near to his people. The mysterious God of creation is the gracious God of redemption. We can also call on him by name this very day. We also have access to him through the blood of Jesus Christ this very day. “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty” (Rev 1:8). This is the name of our God who has done great things for us by sending his son Jesus Christ to rescue us from the cruel tyranny of sin and death.
So what is in a name? When it comes to our great God there is great mystery, yet there is also great mercy. Praise God for his Name and what he has done for us.